The Equine Microbiome and Athletic Performance
What Is the Equine Microbiome?
The equine gut microbiome is the community of trillions of microorganisms that live in the horse's digestive tract. The largest and most diverse populations reside in the cecum and large colon, where they ferment fibre and produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that supply at least half of the horse's daily digestible energy needs.
The Microbiome-Performance Link
Research published in Communications Biology examined the intestinal microbiomes of fit and unfit Arabian endurance horses and found measurable differences in microbial composition between the two groups. The researchers identified distinct microbial signatures associated with fitness level, suggesting that the gut microbiome may play a role in athletic capacity.
How Training Affects the Gut
Intense exercise places physiological stress on the digestive system. Blood flow is redirected from the gut to working muscles during exercise, which can temporarily compromise gut barrier function. This exercise-induced gut stress makes the microbiome's resilience particularly important for performance horses.
Supporting the Microbiome
The foundation of a healthy equine microbiome is a high-forage diet. Enzyme supplementation supports the microbiome indirectly by reducing the amount of undigested starch that reaches the hindgut. Less starch overflow means less substrate for lactic acid-producing bacteria, which helps maintain the stable environment that fibre-fermenting bacteria prefer.